Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioural condition that affects someones inattentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Common symptoms of ADHD include:
- a short attention span or being easily distracted
- restlessness, constant fidgeting or overactivity
- being impulsive
ADHD is the most common behavioural disorder in the UK. Although the exact amount of people who have the condition is unknown, it is estimated that around 2-5% of children and young people are affected, being more common in boys than girls. It is thought that ADHD could be under-diagnosed in girls, as they often have symptoms that affect their attention rather than hyperactivity which is less noticeable.
ADHD is most common in people with learning difficulties, but can occur in people of any intellectual ability. Those with the disorder often suffer with additional problems such as anxiety and insomnia.
Symptoms of ADHD are usually first noticed at an early age. Most cases are diagnosed in children between the ages of 6 and 12, when a child’s circumstances change (e.g. when they start school).
The exact cause of ADHD is unknown, however it is common to run in families, and research has identified a number of possible differences in the brains of people with ADHD compared to those who don’t have the condition. Other factors that have been suggested as having a role in ADHD include: being born prematurely, having a low birthweight and smoking, alcohol or drug abuse during pregnancy.
There is no cure for ADHD, but with educational and parental support, advice and medication it can be managed.
Some of the day-to-day issues that arise with children living with ADHD include:
- getting to sleep at night
- getting ready for school on time
- listening to and carrying out instructions
- being organised
- social occasions
- shopping